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PV Systems Safety Author: Velimir Lackovic This course is intended to be a reference with helpful and easily-accessible instructions on how to work safely with photovoltaic (PV) systems. It includes description of specific hazards, their frequent causes, and strategies to prevent and avoid them. This course has three different sections: PV System Characteristics and Hazards:... Learn More

Principles of HVDC Transmission Author: Velimir Lackovic Designers must decide between AC and DC transmission. This course addresses this challenge by exploring line losses and their relationship to the rating and size of chosen conductors. This course is suitable for engineers with a desire to understand the basic principles of HVDC transmission. It reviews the... Learn More

Practical Power Cable Ampacity Analysis Author: Velimir Lackovic Cable ampacity studies calculate the current-carrying capacity (ampacity) of power cables in underground or above ground installations. This ampacity is determined by the maximum allowable conductor temperature. In turn, this temperature is dependent on the losses in the cable, both I2R and dielectric, and thermal coupling between... Learn More

Power Quality Measurements – Essential Theory Author: Velimir Lackovic The decline in quality of power is a big issue due to an increase in the use of inverters in power electronics, an increase of unbalanced loads from large furnaces or rectifiers, and complex power distribution associated with power network interconnections for new energy plants. Poor... Learn More

Overcurrent Protection Fundamentals Author: Velimir Lackovic Protecting relays against high current was the earliest relay protection mechanism developed. From this basic method, the graded overcurrent relay protection system, a discriminative short circuit protection, has been formulated. This course is provides an overview of overcurrent protection fundamentals. It presents coordination technique, rules for time/current grading, IDMT... Learn More